Amaphesenti angaba ngu-40 esilimo semifino angamosheka ngenxa yezidingo zobuhle kwezinye izitolo ezinkulu.Nakuba imifino ye-wonky ingase ingabukeki kahle kakhulu, inomsoco ofanayo nowawo olinganiswe kahle.

Ukuthwala umonakalo ongaphezulu kungase kuthathe izindlela eziningi, kusukela eziphaleni emijahweni yomjaho, ukuguga kusukela ekugcotshisweni okungasebenzi, ukugqwala ngenxa yamakhemikhali anonya kuya kumamaki okugcoba amanga okubangwa ukudlidliza okumile.Nakuba ukucindezeleka okungaphezulu kungase kubangele izimpawu eziyinkinga njengokushisa ngokweqile, amazinga omsindo akhuphukayo, ukudlidliza okwenyukayo noma ukunyakaza kwe-shaft okweqile, akuwona wonke amaphutha angaphandle akhomba ekusebenzeni komshini kwangaphakathi okusengozini.

Ukugqwala kuyinto eyenzeka ngokwemvelo kanye nohlobo olujwayelekile lokuthwala umonakalo endaweni okumele abaphathi bemishini kawoyela negesi babhekane nakho.Kunezinhlobo eziyishumi eziyinhloko zokugqwala, kodwa ukugqwala okuthwalayo kuvame ukwehlela ezigabeni ezimbili ezibanzi - ukugqwala komswakama noma ukugqwala okushayisanayo.Eyangaphambili iqondene nendawo ezungezile, kodwa ingavela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yebheringi, idale ungqimba lwe-oxide olwesabekayo njengomphumela wokusabela kwamakhemikhali ngendawo yensimbi.

Isibonelo, ezimayini zasolwandle, ama-bearings avame ukuchayeka kumswakama noma i-alkalinity ethambile ngenxa yokuxhumana kwawo namanzi olwandle.Ukugqwala okuncane kungase kubangele amabala akhanyayo, kodwa ezimeni ezibucayi kakhulu, kungase kuholele ekubambiseni phezu kwe- bearing, okuholela ekuvuthweni kwempahla egqwalile engena emgwaqweni womjaho.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukugqwala kuvame ukwaziwa njengesitha semvelo sama-bearings.

Ukugqwala akwethusi nje ngokubukeka;kungase futhi kube nomthelela omkhulu kwezezimali zebhizinisi.Ngokocwaningo lwe-IMPACT olwenziwe nguI-NACE International, okuyinhlangano ehamba phambili emhlabeni yokulawula ukugqwala, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-15-35 okugqwala kwaminyaka yonke bekungasindiswa ukube bekulandelwa izindlela ezifanele zokulawula ukugqwala.Lokhu kulingana nokonga phakathi kuka-US$375 no-$875 wamabhiliyoni minyaka yonke emhlabeni jikelele.

Isitha?

Akunakwenzeka ukuziba ukubaluleka kwezindleko zokugqwala, nokho ukumelana nokugqwala kufanele kucatshangelwe kanye nezinye izidingo zokusebenza ezifana nokuthwala isikhathi eside nomthwalo.

Cabanga ngalokhu njengesibonelo.Umshini wokumba uyadingeka ukuze usebenze ngokunemba kodwa futhi kufanele usebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezingathetheleli.Ngenxa yemvelo eyeqisayo yezinsimbi zikawoyela negesi, ama-bearings amelana nokugqwala anganconywa.Uma unjiniyela wedizayini ebengase akhethe i-bere ukumelana nokugqwala eyenziwe nge-polyether ether ketone (PEEK), lokhu kuzomisa ukugqwala emikhondweni yayo, kodwa ukunemba komshini kuzokonakala.Kulesi simo ukukhetha ukunemba okuphezulu okunensimbi engagqwali okunobude obuphakeme kuyilapho uvumela ukugqwala okungaphezulu kungase kube kuhle.

Lapho uhlola ukufaneleka kanye nekhwalithi yama-bearings, kubalulekile ukubheka ngale kobuhle bangaphandle.Ukulawula ukugqwala kuyisidingo esisodwa nje sokusebenza, esingalinganisi nokusebenza kabi noma kuthinte ukugingqika kwangaphakathi kwebhere.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini efanele ikhethiwe kuyisinyathelo sokuqala - futhi lokhu kubalulekile kuyo yomibili imishini emikhulu nezingxenye ezincane, njengama-bearings.Ngenhlanhla, abaphathi bezikhungo zaphesheya kolwandle bangakwazi ukukala izidingo zabo zedizayini futhi bangakhetha ukulwa nokugqwala esigabeni sokuklama.Nazi izindlela ezintathu zokulawula ukugqwala okufanele uzicabangele:

Ukukhetha kwe-A-Material

Insimbi engagqwali iyisinqumo esisobala kakhulu sokumelana nokugqwala futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini kawoyela negesi yasogwini.Iphinde ibe nezinye izinto ezinenzuzo njengokuqina nokumelana nokushisa.Ama-bearings ensimbi engagqwali angama-440 anokumelana okuhle ezindaweni ezinomswakama futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezifana nemboni yokudla neziphuzo.Kodwa-ke, ama-bearings ensimbi engagqwali angu-440 anokumelana kabi namanzi anosawoti kanye namakhemikhali amaningi anamandla, ngakho-ke ezindaweni ezinokhahlo zasogwini kungase kucatshangelwe insimbi engagqwali engu-316.Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-316 insimbi engagqwali ayikwazi ukuqina ngokushisa, ama-bearings angu-316 afaneleka kuphela ukulayisha okuphansi kanye nezicelo zejubane eliphansi.Ukumelana nokugqwala kwazo kuhle kakhulu uma kunomoya-mpilo owanele ngakho lawa ma-bearings asetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphezu komzila wamanzi, emanzini agelezayo olwandle noma lapho ama-bearings angakhukhuleka khona ngemva kokucwiliswa emanzini olwandle.

Enye inketho yezinto ezibonakalayo i-ceramic.Amabheringi e-ceramic agcwele enziwe nge-zirconia noma i-silicon nitride enamakheji e-PEEK anganikeza ngisho namazinga aphezulu okumelana nokugqwala futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ecwiliswe ngokuphelele emanzini.Ngokufanayo, amabhodlela epulasitiki, anensimbi engagqwali angu-316 noma amabhola engilazi, anikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala.Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa nge-acetal resin (POM) kodwa ezinye izinto ziyatholakala kuma-asidi anamandla nama-alkali afana ne-PEEK, i-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) kanye ne-polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF.Njengama-bearings webanga le-316, lezi kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela kumthwalo ophansi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinembayo eziphansi.

Elinye izinga lezikhali ezimelene nokugqwala, yimbozo evikelayo.I-Chromium ne-nickel plating kunikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle ezindaweni ezigqwalile kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, ama-coatings azogcina ehlukene ne-bearing futhi adinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo.Lena akuyona inketho esebenzayo kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza zasolwandle.

I-B-Lubricants

I-lubricant inikeza ifilimu elincanyana phakathi kwezindawo zokuthintana ku-bearing ukuze kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana, ukuqeda ukushisa futhi kuvimbele ukugqwala kumabhola kanye nemigwaqo yomjaho.Ubulukhuni bobuso kanye nekhwalithi yokuthambisa yizici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithonya ukuthi ukucindezeleka okungaphezulu kuzokwenzeka noma cha.

Ukukhetha izinto zokugcoba ezifanele.Esimweni lapho ukugqwala okukha phezulu kungase kwenzeke ngaphandle kwebheringi, akufanele kuvunyelwe ukuba kwenzeke ngaphakathi.Ama-SMB Bearings anganikeza ama-bearings avaliwe ngamafutha angangeni manzi aqukethe ama-corrosion inhibitors.Lawa ma-lubricant avikela indawo yangaphakathi ye-bearing futhi angafaniswa nemvelo ethile yesicelo sasolwandle.Amabheringi e-ceramic agcwele acaciswa kakhulu ngaphandle kokugcotshwa kodwa angagcotshwa ngamafutha angangeni manzi isikhathi eside.

I-C-Seals

Ezimweni ezinokhahlo, ukuvikela ukungcoliswa kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakho ukukhetha uphawu lokuxhumana kuhle ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukungcola akungeni ku-bearing.Okokusebenza okungase kuvezwe kumswakama, uphawu lokuxhumana nalo luzonikeza ukumelana kwamanzi okwandisiwe.Lokhu kuzomisa ukugeza kwamafutha ngaphandle kwe-bearing, kuyivumele ukuthi yenze umsebenzi wayo ekugcobeni nasekuvikeleni izindawo zangaphakathi zokuthwala.Enye inketho iyisihlangu sensimbi kodwa lokhu kunikeza isivikelo esincishisiwe kakhulu kumswakama.

Ngokuhlola indawo yokusebenza, ubude besikhathi esidingekayo kanye nemithwalo ezosetshenziswa ekuthwaleni, ukuthwala okungcono kakhulu kungase kube 'imifino eyi-wonky' ethobekile hhayi leyo ehlala ibukeka ibukeka kahle isikhathi eside.Ngokucabangela izimo zokusebenza zemvelo ezigcwele zebhere, onjiniyela bokuklama bangakala ukuthi ukukhetha isici sedizayini yokulawula ukugqwala kuzobiza kakhulu, kukhuphule ubude besikhathi sokuthwala futhi kukhuphule ukusebenza komshini.