Izinjini zikagesi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke - lapho sihlala khona, sisebenza futhi sidlala.Kalula nje, benza cishe yonke into enyakazayo, inyakaze.Cishe amaphesenti angama-70 kagesi osetshenziswa izimboni usetshenziswa amasistimu ezimoto zikagesi.1

Cishe amaphesenti angama-75 amamotho ezimbonini asebenzayo asetshenziselwa ukuqhuba amaphampu, amafeni nama-compressor, isigaba semishini esisengozini enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kahle okukhulu2.Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zivame ukusebenza ngesivinini esingaguquki, ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngisho nalapho zingadingeki.Lokhu kusebenza njalo kumosha amandla futhi kukhiqiza ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 okungadingekile, kodwa ngokulawula isivinini semoto, singanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wendawo.

Enye indlela yokulawula isivinini semoto ukusebenzisa i-variable speed drive (VSD), idivayisi elawula isivinini sokujikeleza kwemoto kagesi ngokushintsha imvamisa namandla kagesi anikezwa injini.Ngokulawula isivinini semoto, ukushayela kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla (isibonelo, ukwehlisa isivinini semishini ejikelezayo ngamaphesenti angama-20 kunganciphisa izimfuneko zamandla okufaka cishe ngamaphesenti angama-503) futhi kunikeze ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekulawuleni inqubo kanye nezindleko ezibalulekile zokonga impilo yonke. kwama-moAs awusizo njengoba ama-VSD engowokonga amandla ezinhlelweni eziningi, angabangela ukwehluleka kwemoto ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma ingamiswanga kahle.Nakuba kunezimbangela eziningi ezihlukene zokuhluleka kwemoto kagesi, inkinga evame kakhulu uma usebenzisa idrayivu ukwehluleka okubangelwa ugesi wemodi evamile.

Umonakalo odalwe i-voltage yemodi evamile

Ohlelweni lwezigaba ezintathu ze-AC, i-voltage yemodi evamile ingachazwa njengokungalingani okukhona phakathi kwezigaba ezintathu ezidalwe amandla aguquliwe obubanzi be-pulse wedrayivu, noma umehluko we-voltage phakathi komhlabathi womthombo wamandla kanye nephoyinti eliphakathi nendawo le-three-- umthwalo wesigaba.Le voltage yemodi evamile eguquguqukayo ingenisa i-voltage ku-shaft yemoto, futhi le voltheji ye-shaft ingaphuma kuma-winding noma ngama-bheringi.Imiklamo yesimanje yobunjiniyela, ukufakwa kwezigaba kanye nocingo olumelana ne-inverter spike kungasiza ukuvikela ama-winding;Nokho, lapho i-rotor ibona ukunqwabelana kwama-voltage spikes, i-current ifuna indlela yokumelana okungenani nomhlabathi.Endabeni yemoto kagesi, le ndlela ihamba ngokuqondile phakathi kwama-bearings.

Njengoba ama-motor bearings asebenzisa amafutha ukuze agcobe, amafutha kugrisi akha ifilimu esebenza njenge-dielectric, okusho ukuthi ingadlulisela amandla kagesi ngaphandle kokuqhutshwa.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le dielectric iyawohloka.Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo ze-insulation zamafutha, i-voltage ye-shaft izophuma ngama-bearings, bese idlula endlini yemoto, ukuze kuzuzwe umhlabathi kagesi.Lokhu kunyakaza kwamandla kagesi kubangela i-arcing kuma-bearings, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-electrical discharge machining (EDM).Njengoba lokhu kugoqa okuqhubekayo kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindawo ezingaphezulu emncintiswaneni wokuthwala ziba brittle, futhi izingcezu ezincane zensimbi zingagqashuka ngaphakathi kwebheringi.Ekugcineni, izinto ezilimele zisebenza ngendlela yazo phakathi kwamabhola e-bearing kanye nezinhlanga, okubangela umphumela wokugaya, ongaveza umgodi olingana ne-micron, obizwa ngokuthi ama-frosting, noma ama-washboard afana ne-washboard kumgwaqo othwalayo, obizwa ngokuthi i-fluting.

Amanye ama-motor angaqhubeka nokusebenza njengoba umonakalo uya ngokuya uba mkhulu, ngaphandle kwezinkinga eziphawulekayo.Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthwala umonakalo ngokuvamile umsindo ozwakalayo, ngenxa yokuthwala amabhola ahamba phezu kwezindawo ezinemigodi neziqhwa.Kodwa ngesikhathi lo msindo uvela, umonakalo uvame ukuba mkhulu kangangokuthi ukwehluleka kuseduze.

Isekelwe ekuvimbeleni

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni ngokuvamile azihlangabezani nalezi zinkinga ezithwalayo kumamotho wesivinini esiguquguqukayo, kodwa kwezinye izinto ezifakwayo, ezifana nezakhiwo zezentengiselwano kanye nokuphatha imithwalo yesikhumulo sezindiza, ukubeka phansi okuqinile akuhlali kutholakala.Kulezi zimo, enye indlela kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuphambukisa lokhu kwamanje kude nama-bearings.Isixazululo esivame kakhulu ukufaka i-shaft grounding device ekugcineni kwe-motor shaft, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni lapho i-voltage yemodi evamile ingase ivame kakhulu.Umhlabathi we-shaft empeleni uyindlela yokuxhuma i-rotor ephendukayo ye-motor emhlabathini womhlaba ngohlaka lwenjini.Ukwengeza idivayisi yokuqinisa i-shaft enjinini ngaphambi kokufakwa (noma ukuthenga injini efakwe eyodwa efakwe ngaphambili) kungaba inani elincane ongalikhokha uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lentengo yezindleko zokuyilungisa elihambisana nokufaka esikhundleni, ingasaphathwa eyokubiza kwezindleko eziphezulu isikhathi sokuphumula endaweni.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zemishini yokumisa i-shaft embonini namuhla, njengamabhulashi ekhabhoni, amabhulashi e-fiber yesitayela esiyindandatho kanye nama-isolator okuthwala aphansi, nezinye izindlela zokuvikela ama-bearings nazo ziyatholakala.

Amabhulashi ekhabhoni asetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 futhi afana namabhulashi ekhabhoni asetshenziswa kubagibeli bezimoto ze-DC.Amabhulashi aphansi ahlinzeka ngoxhumano lukagesi phakathi kwezingxenye ezijikelezayo nezimile zomjikelezo kagesi wemoto futhi athathe umsinga ukusuka ku-rotor ukuya phansi ukuze ukushaja kungakhi ku-rotor kuze kube sezingeni lapho kuphuma khona ngama-bearings.Amabhulashi aphansi anikeza izindlela ezingokoqobo nezongayo zokuhlinzeka ngendlela engakwazi ukuvimba phansi, ikakhulukazi kumamotho amafreyimu amakhulu;nokho, abanazo izihibe zabo.Njengama-DC motors, amabhulashi angaphansi kokugqoka ngenxa yokuthintana kwemishini ne-shaft, futhi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umnikazi webhulashi uklanywe kanjani, umhlangano kufanele uhlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthintana okufanele phakathi kwamabhulashi kanye ne-shaft.

Amaringi agxilisa umphini asebenza njengebhulashi lekhabhoni, kodwa aqukethe izintambo eziningi zemicu kagesi ehlelwe ngaphakathi kwendandatho ezungeze umgodi.Ingaphandle leringi, elivame ukugxunyekwa ekugcineni kwenjini, lihlala limile, kuyilapho amabhulashi egibela phezu kwe-motor shaft, eqondisa umsinga kumabhulashi futhi iye phansi ngokuphephile.Izindandatho ezigxilisa i-shaft zingafakwa ngaphakathi kwenjini, zivumeleke ukuthi zisetshenziswe emsebenzini wokugeza kanye nezinjini ezingcolile.Ayikho indlela yokumisa i-shaft engenaphutha, nokho, futhi izindandatho zaphansi ezifakwe ngaphandle zivame ukuqoqa ukungcola kuma-bristles azo, okungase kwehlise ukusebenza kwazo.

Izihlukanisi ezithwala umhlabathi zihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obubili: isihlangu sokuhlukanisa esinezingxenye ezimbili, esingathinteki esisebenzisa idizayini ye-labyrinth ukuvimbela ukungena kokungcola kanye ne-metallic rotor kanye nendandatho ye-conductive filament ehlukanisiwe ukuze iguqule imisinga ye-shaft isuke kuma-bearings.Njengoba lawa madivaysi futhi avimbela ukulahleka nokungcoliswa kwe-lubricant, athatha indawo yezimpawu ezinezimpawu ezijwayelekile kanye nezihlukanisi ezithwalayo zendabuko.

Enye indlela yokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwamanje ngokusebenzisa ama-bearings ukukhiqiza ama-bearings kusuka ezintweni ezingaqhubeki.Kumabheringi e-ceramic, amabhola e-ceramic-coated avikela ama-bearings ngokuvimbela i-shaft current ukuthi ingagelezi kuma-bearings ukuya ku-motor.Njengoba kungekho ugesi kagesi ogeleza kuma-motor bearings, mancane amathuba okugqoka okwenziwe okwamanje;nokho, umsinga uzofuna indlela eya emhlabathini, okusho ukuthi uzodlula ezintweni ezinamathiselwe.Njengoba ama-ceramic bearings angeke asuse i-current ku-rotor, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqondile kuphela ezinconyiwe kuma-motor ane-ceramic bearings.Ezinye izithiyo izindleko zalesi sitayela sokuthwala imoto kanye neqiniso lokuthi ama-bearings avame ukutholakala kuphela aze afike kusayizi 6311.

Kumamotho anamandla angaphezu kwamahhashi ayi-100, kuvame ukutuswa ukuthi kufakwe i-bearing evalekile ngakolunye uhlangothi lwenjini lapho kufakwe khona umshini wokumisa i-shaft, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isitayela sokumisa i-shaft esisetshenziswayo.

Amathiphu amathathu wokufaka idrayivu eguquguqukayo

Izinto ezintathu ezicatshangelwayo zikanjiniyela wokulungisa lapho ezama ukwehlisa amandla kagesi wemodi evamile ezinhlelweni zejubane eliguquguqukayo yilezi:

1. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-motor (kanye nesistimu ye-motor) isekelwe kahle.
2. Nquma ibhalansi yefrikhwensi yenkampani yenethiwekhi efanele, ezonciphisa amazinga omsindo kanye nokungalingani kwamandla kagesi.
3. Uma idivayisi yokumisa i-shaft ithathwa njengebalulekile, khetha eyodwa esebenza kahle kakhulu kuhlelo lokusebenza.

Uma i-bearing current ikhona, akukho usayizi owodwa olingana naso sonke isisombululo.Kubalulekile ukuthi ikhasimende kanye nomhlinzeki wemoto kanye nomshayeli basebenzisane ukuze bathole isisombululo esifanele kakhulu sohlelo lokusebenza oluthile.